Articles

Community health workers during Covid-19 pandemic: practices, legitimacy and professional education in Brazil

Méllo LMBD, et al. Community health workers during Covid-19 pandemic: practices, legitimacy and professional education in Brazil. Interface (Botucatu). 2021; 25 e210306 https://doi.org/10.1590/interface.210306 Agentes comunitárias de saúde (ACS) ocupam lugar estratégico no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Este artigo objetiva analisar disputas quanto ao trabalho das ACS no contexto da pandemia de Covid-19, assim como experiências voluntárias análogas, refletindo sobre o futuro da profissão. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter analítico cujos dados são documentos e posições públicas de diversos sujeitos. As representações sindicais evocam a necessidade de capacitação e trabalho em home office. Gestores direcionaram o trabalho para o interior dos serviços e para ações de vigilância e não ofereceram apoio ao trabalho comunitário e de

[:pb]Profissionais de saúde frente a homens jovens que buscam profilaxia pós-exposição sexual ao HIV (PEPSexual): desafios para o cuidado.

Massa VC, et al. Health professionals’ perceptions of young men seeking sexual post-exposure prophylaxis (Sexual PEP): challenges for health care. Interface (Botucatu). 2021; 25 e200727 https://doi.org/10.1590/interface.200727 Sexual Post-exposure prophylaxis (SexualPEP); a medical treatment to prevent HIV/Aids, began to be used in Brazil in 2010. Considering that young men are particularly vulnerable to HIV, this study explores health professionals’ perceptions of sexual behavior and risk management in this group in the context of seeking and using SexualPEP. We conducted a qualitative study using a conceptual framework based on health care, masculinities and youthfulness. Nineteen health professionals from five specialist services in five different cities (São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Curitiba, Porto Alegre and Fortaleza) participated in the study. The findings

[:pb]Prevenção quaternária e medicalização: conceitos inseparáveis

Tesser CD, et al. Quaternary prevention and medicalisation: inseparable concepts. Interface (Botucatu). 2021; 25 e210101 https://doi.org/10.1590/interface.210101 Prevenção Quaternária (P4) é a ação de identificar pacientes em risco de sobremedicalização, para protegê-los de novas invasões médicas e sugerir-lhes intervenções eticamente aceitáveis. Recentemente, três artigos europeus propuseram uma nova definição: “proteger indivíduos de intervenções mais danosas que benéficas”. O objetivo é discutir criticamente essa proposta. Sete críticas à definição original foram identificadas e analisadas. Cinco são improcedentes: (1) Eticamente vaga; (2) Escopo restrito; (3) Cria etapa desnecessária; (4) Focalização na medicalização; (5) Desmedicalização sem base científica. As remanescentes não justificam uma nova definição: (6) Mudança na representação visual; (7) Foco na Medicina Baseada em Evidências (MBE). A nova proposta reduz o

Strategies to enhance health promotion for vulnerable children and adolescents

Selau BL, Kovaleski DF, Paim MB, Prates IV. Strategies to enhance health promotion for vulnerable children and adolescents. Interface (Botucatu). 2021; 25: e210235 https://doi.org/10.1590/interface.210235

Apostar por prácticas dialógicas de educación popular en salud con los profesionales que actúan en organizaciones de la sociedad civil pasa a ser un camino necesario para asegurar la promoción de la salud de niños y adolescentes en situación de vulnerabilidad. El objetivo de este trabajo es reflexionar sobre estrategias para potenciar la promoción de la salud para niños y adolescentes en situación de vulnerabilidad en una organización de la sociedad civil. El estudio se realizó por medio de los Círculos de Cultura, de Paulo Freire. Se elaboraron cuatro propuestas en el Círculo de

Covid-19 and opportunities for maternal and child wellbeing in Cuba

Rodríguez-Brito A, Olivera-Pérez D. Covid-19 and opportunities for maternal and child wellbeing in Cuba. Interface(Botucatu). 2021; 25 (Supl. 1): e200589 https://doi.org/10.1590/interface.200589 El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los indicadores asociados al bienestar materno-infantil en los protocolos cubanos de actuación para la Covid-19. Con este fin, se realizó un análisis cualitativo de contenido que combinó una lógica deductiva derivada de la revisión bibliográfica de la literatura sobre bienestar materno-infantil y experiencia positiva del parto, y otra inductiva, con base en el procesamiento de la información empírica de los protocolos cubanos, según las recomendaciones de la OMS y la OPS. El análisis reveló que las guías enfatizan en la vida de la madre y el niño y priorizan la atención de

Reproductive justice and gender: theoretical and political challenges in Brazil amplified by the Covid-19 pandemic

Brandão ER, Cabral CS. Reproductive justice and gender: theoretical and political challenges in Brazil amplified by the Covid-19 pandemic. Interface (Botucatu). 2021; 25 (Supl. 1): e200762 https://doi.org/10.1590/interface.200762

Through the analysis of government actions during the response to the Covid-19 pandemic related to sexual and reproductive rights, this article reflects on the Brazilian government’s neglect of women’s health, especially in relation to users of the country’s unified health system, violating the principles enshrined in the constitution. The pandemic has particularly affected populations who have been historically excluded by various forms of oppression and subjugation. The findings highlight the slackening of sexual and reproductive health care, which can result in unplanned pregnancy, unsafe abortion and maternal death, worsening the social

Sexual and reproductive education in the puerperium: gender issues and women’s healthcare in the context of primary care

Justino GBS, Stofel NS, Gervasio MG, Teixeira IMC, Salim NR. Sexual and reproductive education in the puerperium: gender issues and women’s healthcare in the context of primary care. Interface (Botucatu). 2021; 25: e200711 https://doi.org/10.1590/interface.200711 This qualitative study aimed to understand the challenges faced by health professionals when carrying out sexual and reproductive education actions during the puerperium in the context of Primary Care. Interviews were conducted with the health team of a Family Health Unit in an inland city of the state of São Paulo. The analysis was carried out by means of the analysis of meanings and showed that the gender discussion and cultural aspects influence the way in which the theme is approached. Furthermore, there is

Disease control discourse by the World Health Organization and the production of national spatialities

Darsie C, Hillesheim B, Weber DL. Disease control discourse by the World Health Organization and the production of national spatialities. Interface (Botucatu). 2021; 25: e200587 https://doi.org/10.1590/interface.200587

Globalization has caused the circulation of viruses and bacteria on a global scale, compelling health authorities to pay attention to the dynamics between space and diseases. Consequently, the World Health Organization (WHO) plays an essential role concerning knowledge production and information spreading as a health standard regulation. Using discursive practices analysis, about disease control, through document analysis written by the WHO where arise discussions about biopolitical strategies and spatiality production. In those documents the national spatialities are produced and valued according to the prevention and control of diseases capacities in each country

The Brazilian National Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care: a disciplinary apparatus in the management

Carvalho MF, Andrade CS. The Brazilian National Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care: a disciplinary apparatus in the management. Interface (Botucatu). 2021; 25: e200825 https://doi.org/10.1590/interface.200825 The Brazilian National Program for Improving Primary Care Access and Quality envisaged improvements in the management process of primary care through strategies that involve performance assessment, expansion of funding and improvements in teamwork. This article analyzes the discourses of municipal managers regarding the program to (re) think about the management of primary care based on Michel Foucault’s theoretical framework. By viewing the program as an apparatus, we identified components present in the construction of the macro-politics and in its development in baselines, in the cities, that favored the exercise of disciplinary

Education for public health from the perspective of professors teaching on speech-language-hearing undergraduate programs in public universities in the Northeast of Brazil

Telles MWP, Noro LRA. Education for public health from the perspective of professors teaching on speech-language-hearing undergraduate programs in public universities in the Northeast of Brazil. Interface (Botucatu). 2021; 25: e200704 https://doi.org/10.1590/interface.200704 With the implementation of the National Curriculum Guidelines in Brazil, speech therapy degree courses have expanded the provision of modules on public health, aiming to promote the incorporation of students into Brazilian National Health System (SUS). The aim of this article was to understand education for public health from the perspective of professors teaching on speech-language-hearing undergraduate programs in public universities in the Northeast of Brazil. We conducted interviews with seven key informants. The data was analyzed in the light of the relevant literature on public health

Primary Care professionals’ perceptions of the care delivered to menopausal women

Luz MMF, Frutuoso MFP. Primary Care professionals’ perceptions of the care delivered to menopausal women. Interface (Botucatu). 2021; 25: e200644 https://doi.org/10.1590/interface.200644 With the aim of discussing health professionals’ perceptions of the care delivered to women going through the menopause in Primary Care Services, we conducted an interventional study involving workshops with family health teams in a city in the State of São Paulo. The health workers recognized the lack of actions directed at menopausal women and the invisibility of these women’s health needs, reporting mental health complaints, referral strategies and medicalization of care. During the workshops, the teams reflected on practices and suggested the inclusion of these women in actions developed by the services. The accounts of the health

The pediatrician and Permanent Health Education in the Amplified Family Health and Primary Care Nucleus (NASF-AB)

Marangon CMLV, Souza JM. The pediatrician and Permanent Health Education in the Amplified Family Health and Primary Care Nucleus (NASF-AB). Interface (Botucatu). 2021; 25: e200626 https://doi.org/10.1590/interface.200626 This study aimed to investigate the Permanent Education process of pediatricians belonging to the Amplified Family Health Nucleus and to survey their basis of knowledge, skills, values, difficulties and needs. A descriptive, qualitative and exploratory study analyzed information collected by means of a written interview and a focus group with nine of the eleven active pediatricians. Categories and units of analysis were constructed based on essential elements for significant learning in the nucleus. We found educational, political, social and human aspects that were heterogeneous between health teams. These lead to the construction of